Understanding Fascism: A Scholarly Guide
This resource provides scholarly frameworks for understanding fascism based on the work of leading historians and political scientists. The goal is education, not political advocacy.
Important Note: Fascism is a specific historical phenomenon with identifiable characteristics. Not everything authoritarian is fascist, and not everything you disagree with is fascist. These frameworks help distinguish fascism from other forms of political extremism or authoritarianism.
Umberto Eco's 14 Properties of Ur-Fascism
In his 1995 essay "Ur-Fascism," Italian philosopher Umberto Eco identified 14 common features of fascism. He argued that not all must be present, but the presence of even one can allow fascism to coalesce around it.